Apparatus for operating an injection molding process utilizing an acceptable part and process window

ABSTRACT

Apparatus for operating an injecting molding process utilizing an acceptable part and process window for an injection molding machine having a pair of separable mold elements forming a mold cavity with a part-line therebetween, means for opening and closing the mold elements, and means for introducing a moldable material into the mold cavity at a first pressure and for exerting a second pressure on the moldable material as it cures in the cavity. The apparatus includes means for generating an acceptable part and process window for the machine by operating the machine by closing the mold elements, means for introducing a moldable material into the mold cavity, and measuring the separation of the mold elements resulting from the introduction of the moldable material into the mold cavity. At least one operating parameter is incrementally changed over a plurality of molding cycles until unacceptable parts are produced to generate minimum part-line and time values for that machine and process. At least one operating parameter is incrementally changed over a plurality of molding cycles until unacceptable parts are produced to generate maximum part-line and time values. Then, an acceptable part and process window is generated utilizing the minimum and maximum part-line and time values.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is related to my co-pending application Ser. Nos. 115,675 and 115,676, both filed on Nov. 2, 1987 and now U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,767,300 and 4,767,579, respectively, and to my co-pending applications entitled METHOD OF CONTROLLING AN INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS, Ser. No. 208,903, APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING AN INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS, Ser. No. 209,140, METHOD OF IMPROVING THE CYCLE TIME OF AN INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS, Ser. No. 209,405, APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING THE CYCLE TIME OF AN INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS, Ser. No. 208,439, METHOD OF GENERATING AN ACCEPTABLE PART AND PROCESS WINDOW FOR AN INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS, Ser. No. 208,908, APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AN ACCEPTABLE PART AND PROCESS WINDOW FOR AN INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS, Ser. No. 208,909, METHOD OF OPERATING AN INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS UTILIZING AN ACCEPTABLE PART AND PROCESS WINDOW, Ser. No. 208,928, METHOD OF DATA ACQUISITION AND APPLICATION FOR AN INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS, Ser. No. 208,918, and APPARATUS FOR DATA ACQUISITION AND APPLICATION IN AN INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS, Ser. No. 208,930, all filed on even date herewith.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention is directed to a method of operating an injection molding apparatus utilizing an acceptable part and process window for controlling the process whereby the dimension, weight and stress in the molded article, as well as the cycle time, may be closely controlled.

2. Description of the Prior Art

The production of consistent and uniform product by the injection molding process has been a long standing objective of the injection molding industry. This objective has become more difficult to achieve as more and more products are produced by this process which are ever increasingly complex and have ever tighter tolerances. The objective has been further complicated by the trend towards fewer and fewer operators associated with the injection molding machines, requiring greater automatic control of the process and apparatus.

A variety of interrelated parameters of the material, machine, and mold must be accomodated by any automated control system for the satisfactory operation of an injection molding apparatus; among these parameters are the type of material being molded, the consistency of the plastic characteristics, the molding cycle time, the machine shot size, melt viscosity and temperature consistency, mold clamp pressure, and injection pressure, among others. It has been found that, as each of these parameters varies during the operation of an injection molding machine, the product uniformity may suffer without constant operator attention.

Many attempts have been made at automatically controlling the injection molding process to produce uniform and consistent product, yet none of the proposed solutions has gained widespread acceptance, at least partially due to the fact that the proposed solutions do not satisfactorily address all of the variables involved.

Among the solutions proposed are those taught by U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,433,132 and 3,976,415 and French Pat. No. 2,527,976 wherein the separation of the mold elements at the part-line is measured and the result utilized to change the machine from the injection phase to a pulsing of the injection ram to maintain the part-line separation constant during the packing and curing of the mold. This system has not been found to be feasible for the manufacture of small, precision parts since it is nearly impossible to so precisely control the pulsing of the ram to pump the microscopic amounts of material necessary to achieve the desired volumetric accuracy of such parts. This process is also described in the article by Bernard Sanchagrin, entitled "Process Control of Injection Molding" in the mid-June, 1983 issue of Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 23, No. 8.

Other proposed solutions are exemplified by U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,671,247 and 3,859,400, which teach the control of the switch point of the injection molding machine by sensing the pressure within the mold itself. This system proposes sensing the pressure within the mold to shift the machine from the injection phase to the holding phase while the material cures within the mold. The measurement of the pressure within the mold does not satisfactorily reflect the multiple variables noted above. For example, if the material characteristics are held constant and the machine clamp force is allowed to vary, even if the pressure in the mold cavity remains constant, the part size produced will vary with the clamp force, increasing with reduced clamp force and vice versa. Similarly, with variations in material characteristics, if the viscosity of the material changes, as it may with changes in the injection temperature or with different batches of material, even if the amount of material injected into the mold is substantially constant, the varying viscosity will affect the resistance of the material to being forced into the mold cavity and thus the pressure transmitted into the mold cavity from the injection ram. Accordingly, it will be seen that measuring the pressure in the mold cavity will not truely reflect many of the variables that influence the process and the product.

Another proposed method of controlling injection molding processes is that taught by U.S. Pat. No. 3,940,465 wherein the measurement of the separation of the part-line is utilized to control the cure time of the injection molding cycle. This type of control fails to reflect all of the variables, noted above, which must be accomodated to accurately control part weight and dimension.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,135,873 teaches the measurement of the part-line separation and comparing the separation with a predetermined value and thereafter varying the injection pattern of the injection ram during the following molding cycle. This system does not provide control of the process on a real time basis, reflecting system conditions that are affecting the current cycle. Such a system merely reflects what occurred on the previous cycle, resulting in a tendency for the system to hunt rather than zero into a mode of operation which provides product consistency.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,131,596 teaches the measurement of the part-line separation to reduce the mold clamping pressure upon the measurement of a predetermined separation to minimize any damage to the mold due to flashing of the material at the part-line. This, of course, does not contribute to the control of product weight and dimension.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 11974 of 1978 discloses a method of controlling an injection molding machine wherein the part-line separation is measured and, upon reaching a predetermined reference separation, the machine is switched from a material filling mode to a dwelling mode. The mold separation is then measured and the maximum separation is determined. Thereafter, pressure during the dwell or curing phase of the mold cycle is controlled dependent upon the maximum separation reached to control the final mold separation value at the end of the cure time. Thereafter, the reference separation value for the switch point for the following cycle is changed to accommodate the variations in the machine operation detected during the first cycle. This system of control has the disadvantage that the switch point is determined by the preceeding cycle and thus does not reflect the conditions of the current cycle. This system of control thereafter attempts to adapt to the variations in the molding conditions existing during the current cycle by controlling the holding pressure during the cure phase of the cycle which can adversely affect part weight and density uniformity.

Each of the foregoing control systems has either been too complex and expensive and/or has not provided the requisite control related to all of the variables acting upon an injection molding process.

It has been found that the variables noted above are reflected in the molding process through the part-line opening which also reflects the consistency of the dimensions and weight of the molded product. During repeated molding cycles variations in the product from the molding process can range from under-filled mold cavities (short) to over-filled mold cavities (flashed). The aim point for the process will be somewhere between these two extremes to produce a product which meets the dimensional and weight tolerances established for that process and product. Further, it is known that mechanical and thermal strains are inherent in the molding process which are then transfered to the molded product, sometimes to the detriment of the dimensional stability and life of the product. The mechanical strains are produced by the clamping pressure necessary to hold the mold elements together against the force of the injection of the molten material. The thermal strains occur during the filling and packing of the mold with the high temperature molten material and its effect on the much cooler mold cavity walls, followed by the shrinkage of the material as it cures.

The present invention operates on the premise that a part-line and time window can be generated that directly correlates the weight and dimension of the part being molded for any given mold/machine/material combination, and that so long as the mold, machine, and material parameters remain constant, the part-line/time "signature" will remain relatively constant over a plurality of molding cycles. This part-line/time "signature" can then be used to generate a part-line and time window that can be employed to monitor and/or control the molding process.

Accordingly, the provision of a method for generating such a part-line/time signature which accurately represents the dimension, weight, and stress in a molded product would significantly enhance the productivity of the molding process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Thus, the present invention provides a apparatus for operating an injection molding process utilizing an acceptable part and process window in an injection molding machine having a pair of separable mold elements forming a mold cavity with a part-line therebetween, means for opening and closing the mold elements, and means for introducing a moldable material into the mold cavity at a first pressure and for exerting a second pressure on the moldable material as it cures in the cavity. The method includes the steps of generating an acceptable part and process window for the machine by operating the machine by closing the mold elements, introducing a moldable material into the mold cavity, and measuring the separation of the mold elements resulting from the introduction of the moldable material into the mold cavity. At least one operating parameter is incrementally changed over a plurality of molding cycles until unacceptable parts are produced to generate minimum part-line and time values for that machine and process. At least one operating parameter is incrementally changed over a plurality of molding cycles until unacceptable parts are produced to generate maximum part-line and time values. Then, an acceptable part and process window is generated utilizing the minimum and maximum part-line and time values. . . The molding machine is then operated and the separation of the mold elements resulting from the introduction of the moldable material into the mold cavity, detecting a predetermined separation of said mold elements, is measured. The cessation of mold element separation increase is sensed and a determination is made whether or not the cessation occurs within the acceptable part and process window. The cycle is continued and the second pressure is maintained until the moldable material has cured if said cessation occurs within the window, or a signal is generated to indicate that the cycle has exceeded the part and process window if the cessation does not occur within the window.

Further, the present invention includes the step of selecting the operating parameter which is incrementally increased and decreased from the group comprising: the injection rate, the mold clamp pressure, the injection pressure, the injection barrel temperature, and the moldable material composition.

Still further, the present invention includes the step of incrementally changing the same operating parameter.

Various means for practicing the invention and other features and advantages thereof will be apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative preferred embodiments of the invention, reference being made to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an elevation view, partially in section, of an injection molding apparatus adapted for use with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged portion of the part-line between the mold elements showing the mounting of the part-line sensor;

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the part-line separation between mold elements during a complete molding cycle;

FIG. 3a is a graph similar to that of FIG. 3 showing an effect of varying the control point of the cycle; and

FIGS. 4-1 to 4-4 is a logic chart illustrating the operation of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

One for of an injection molding apparatus 10 is illustrated in FIG. 1 and comprises a pair of pressure platens 12 and 14 arranged to carry a pair of mold elements 16 and 18, respectively. The mold elements are arranged to meet at a part-line 20 and form a mold cavity 22 therebetween, all in a manner well known in the art. Platen 12 and the mold element 16 associated therewith are stationarily arranged on the machine while platen 14 and mold element 18 associated therewith are movably arranged to be displaced along tie bars 24 and 26 between an open and closed position by a hydraulic cylinder 28.

A plastic extruder assembly 30 is arranged to engage a gate 32 in the mold element 16 with an injection nozzle 34 at the outlet end of the extruder. The main portion of the extruder comprises an extruder barrel 36 having a rotating plasticating screw 38 therein which receives particulate material from a supply 40, and via heat and manipulation plasticates the material for injection through nozzle 34 into the mold cavity 22. To aid in the plastication of the material the extruder barrel is provided with encasing heater elements 42 and 44, in a manner well known in the art. The screw is rotated by a gear 46 driven by a motor, not shown, and is driven longitudinally to inject the molten material into the mold cavity by means of a hydraulic cylinder 48. The hydraulic cylinder 48 is provided with hydraulic fluid from a power source in order to drive the screw longitudinally during the injection process. The hydraulic fluid supply provides both a high pressure for the injection phase of the cycle as well as a low pressure for the holding phase of the cycle, as is well known in the art. One example of such a hydraulic supply comprises two separate sources of high, injection pressure 50, and lower, holding pressure 52 connected by lines 54 and 56 to a control valve 58 which determines which pressure is supplied, by line 60, to the hydraulic cylinder 48.

While a reciprocating screw injection molding machine is illustrated for the purposes of describing the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other forms of injection molding machines such as plunger and transfer-compression molding machines may also be employed.

A distance sensor 62 is mounted on the stationary mold element 16 adjacent part-line 20. A distance sensor target 64 is mounted on the movable mold element 18 in opposition to the sensor 62. The target may comprise an adjustable bolt or pin member 66 which is arranged to provide the target for sensor 62. The sensor and target are arranged to come into close proximity when the mold elements are closed and clamped but are carefully positioned so that at no time do they contact one another. The sensor element 62 may be of any type known in the art including capacitive, inductive, optical, or other type proximity sensor having a substantially linear output over a range from +10 volts to -10 volts representing a distance range of 0.020 inches. The proximity sensor 62 provides an analog output signal via line 68 to a central processing unit, or controller 70, the operation of which will be described herein below. The controller 70 is arranged to provide an output signal via line 72 to actuate a portion of the molding apparatus, such a valve actuator 74, which is connected to valve 58. Thus, when controller 70 receives the appropriate signal from the proximity sensor 62, it provides an output to valve actuator 74 which switches the valve 58 from the high injection pressure 50 to the lower, holding pressure 52 to thereby control the cycle of the injection molding machine in accordance with the present invention.

It has been found that when an injection molding machine is operated with a sensor sufficiently sensitive to accurately measure the part-line separation between the mold elements 16 and 18, that a characteristic time/displacement (separation) curve is generated for that machine. It has also been found that the part-line separation dimension represented by this curve reflects and intergrates the multiplicity of variables operating on the molding machine during the current molding cycle. These variables include mold and machine rigidity, clamp pressure variations, friction and inertia in the mold clamping system, the machine shot size, melt viscosity and temperature consistency, the characteristics of the plastic being molded, and the characteristics of the mold and runner system employed.

One example of such a time/displacement curve is illustrated in FIG. 3 and will be referred to in the following description of the operation of the present invention in conjunction with the logic chart illustrated in FIGS. 4-1 to 4-4. The curve represents the variation of the part-line separation with respect to time during a single molding cycle of an injection molding machine operating at a steady state condition after stabilization following start-up. As the empty mold elements begin to close, the part-line sensor will start to indicate the part-line separation as the mold elements approach each other. As the mold elements approach a predetermined separation S₁, which is designated the Entry Threshold, for example a separation of 0.0095 inches, the high pressure clamp system on the injection molding press is disabled, actuating the low-pressure protection portion of the system. As the Entry Threshold is crossed by the continued closing of the mold elements the master counter/timer is actuated at T₁ and a "bad part sort" output signal is disabled or turned off. As the mold elements continue to close, the part line separation reaches a "low pressure protection" separation S₂ and the machine high-pressure clamp is enabled permitting the high pressure clamping of the mold so that the molten plastic material may be injected into the mold cavity. Thereafter, the timer reaches the mold closed offset point T₂, and the part-line separation sensor is read to determine the actual measurement of part-line separation sensed after final closing and clamping of the mold elements at S₃. The separation value S₃, for example 0.005 inches, is then stored in the controller memory for use later in the program. After it is determined that the mold elements have been clamped together, the injection of the molten material into the mold cavity is initiated with the injection ram 30 operating under the high injection pressure 50. As the mold fills during the time from T₂ to T₃, the part-line separation value remains substantially constant at S₃ until the molds have been filled and the injection ram begins to pack out the mold. At this time T₄, the mold elements begin to separate along the part-line. When the part-line separation reaches a predetermined Control Point S₄, a control signal is delivered to the valve operator 74, switching valve 58 from the high injection pressure 50 to the lower holding pressure 52.

Thereafter, because of the finite lag in the signal activating the valve 58 and the injection ram responding to the change in pressure, as well as other inertial factors in the operation of the machine, the part-line separation will continue to increase until it reaches a maximum S₆. At that point the material in the mold will begin to cool and shrink and the part-line separation will fall back to approximately the initial mold closed separation S₃ during the curing or cooling phase of the molding cycle. Thereafter, the mold will be opened and the part ejected and the sensor will indicate that the part-line separation has exceeded the Exit Threshold S₈. When the maximum part-line separation value S₆ is detected and measured, the part-line value is calculated by subtracting from the maximum part-line separation S₆ the mold closed separation value S₃ giving a part-line separation value for each part produced by the mold. Inasmuch as the mold closed separation value is determined for every cycle, variations in the performance of the machine is accommodated by rezeroing the mold closed value for every cycle of the machine.

Examples of other part-line separation curves occurring on the illustrative machine are also illustrated in FIG. 3 as dotted and dash-dot lines. These curves illustrate variations in the part-line that may occur because of variables acting upon the overall system. For example, should some minor change slightly reduce the clamping pressure during a given molding cycle, the maximum part-line separation might increase as illustrated by the dotted line. So long as the increase in part-line separation does not exceed the operator-selected maximum separation S₇, then the part produced will still be considered acceptable. Likewise, should the mold clamp force, as an example, be increased during a mold cycle, the final part-line separation would be reduced as illustrated by the dash-dot line. Again, so long as the final part-line separation is above the operator-selected minimum separation S₅ the part will be considered acceptable. On the other hand, should the maximum part-line separation achieved fall outside the maximum and minimum part-line separation values selected by the operator, then a "bad part sort" output signal will be generated by the controller which may be utilized by the system or by the operator to identify or remove the out-of-specification part.

The process is initiated after the sensor has been installed in the molding machine and the controller wired to the appropriate controlling portion of the machine. The injection molding machine is then operated by a competent operator to produce acceptable parts. During this operation the controller is set to the "monitor mode" whereby part-line separations are measured and monitored with appropriate data being retained in the controller memory. Appropriate adjustments are made to the process by the machine operator to achieve satisfactory molded parts. As the satisfactory parts are identified, the part-line separation measurements made for those satisfactory parts are utilized to determine the desired predetermined control point as well as the maximum and minimum part-line separations to be used for controlling the process. At the same time, the appropriate time offsets are also being selected by the operator according to the particular characteristics of that individual machine. As soon as sufficient data has been collected to ensure the operator that the sampling is representative, and the values have been set into the controller, the controller may be switched to the "control mode" wherein it commences the control of the injection molding process.

As noted above, a part-line and time window can be generated that directly correlates the weight and dimension of the part being molded for any given mold/machine/material combination, and that so long as the mold, machine, and material parameters remain constant, the part-line/time "signature" will remain relatively constant over a plurality of molding cycles. This part-line/time "signature" can then be used to generate an acceptable part and process window that can be employed to monitor and/or control the molding process. Moreover, should any parameter of the mold, machine, or material vary over successive mold cycles, that fact can be determined and the mold operator notified so that he may take whatever action that may be appropriate.

Referring now to FIG. 3a wherein a part-line separation graph similar to that of FIG. 3 is illustrated, the process of generating an acceptable part and process window is illustrated. With the injection molding apparatus operating to produce acceptable parts, the operator incrementally changes at least one operating parameter over a plurality of molding cycles until unacceptable parts are generated to produce a minimum part-line and time value as indicated by the dotted line 110. Similarly, the operatior incrementally changes either the same or another operating parameter over another series of molding cycles to produce a minimum part-line and a maximum time value as represented by the dot-dash line 112. Similar incremental changes are made to produce maximum part-line values at both the minimum and the maximum time values as illustrated by dashed and soild lines, 114 and 116, respectively. These values are then used to generate the "acceptable part and process" window, bounded by lines T_(min) --T_(max) and S_(min) --S_(max) in FIG. 3a. Thereafter, the injection molding apparatus and process is operated with the values representing the "acceptable part and process" window in the control system and, as long as the measured maximum separation value falls within the window, the operator knows that acceptable parts are being produced with a minimum of operator attention. Thereafter, the molding machine is operated according to the process noted above with the "acceptable part and process" window being utilized as the reference control.

The operating parameters which may be incrementally changed may be selected from the group comprising: the injection rate, the mold clamp pressure, the injection pressure, the injection barrel temperature, and the moldable material composition. Moreover, while it is possible to generate the acceptable part and process window by varying several parameters at once, it may be simpler and thus more desirable to only vary one parameter during the process of generating the window. Still further, it will be appreciated that the order of generating the part-line and time values is not critical and may be varied to suit the convenience of the operator.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of generating an acceptable part and process window that directly correlates the weight and dimension of the part being molded for any given mold/machine/material combination, and that so long as the mold, machine, and material parameters remain constant, the part-line/time "signature" will remain relatively constant over a plurality of molding cycles. Thus, the part-line/time "signature" can then be used to generate the window that can be employed to monitor and/or control the molding process.

The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to a presently preferred embodiment, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. In an injection molding apparatus utilizing a machine, said machine having a pair of separable mold elements forming a mold cavity with a part-line therebetween, said machine comprising means for opening and closing said mold elements, and means for introducing a moldable material into said mold cavity at a first pressure and for exerting a second pressure on said moldable material as said moldable material cures in said cavity, said apparatus including a device for operating said machine utilizing an acceptable part and process window for said machine, said device comprising means for operating the machine by closing said mold elements, means for introducing a moldable material into said mold cavity, means for measuring separation of the mold elements resulting from introduction of the moldable material into the mold cavity, means for incrementally changing a first operating parameter over a first plurality of molding cycles until unacceptable parts are produced to generate minimum part-line and time values and for incrementally changing said first or another operating parameter over a second plurality of molding cycles until unacceptable parts are produced to generate maximum part-line and time values, means for generating an acceptable part and process window utilizing said minimum and maximum part-line and time values, said measuring means arranged to measure the separation of the mold elements resulting from the introduction of the moldable material into the mold cavity, means for detecting a predetermined separation of said mold elements, means for changing the pressure from said first pressure to said second pressure upon said detection, said measuring means arranged to measure the separation of the mold elements following changing the pressure, means for sensing when the separation of the mold elements stops increasing, means for determining whether the cessation of mold element separation increase occurs within said acceptable part and process window, means for continuing the cycle and maintaining said second pressure until the moldable material has cured if said cessation occurs within said window, and means for generating a signal to indicate that the cycle has exceeded said part and process window if said cessation does not occur within said window.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said operating parameters are selected from the group comprising: injection rate, mold clamp pressure, injection pressure, injection barrel temperature, and moldable material composition.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the same operating parameter is incrementally changed during the second plurality of molding cycles as is changed during the first plurality of molding cycles.
 4. The apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said incremental parameter changing means comprises a first means for generating said minimum values and a second means for generating said maximum values.
 5. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said incremental parameter changing means comprises a first means for generating said minimum values and a second means for generating said maximum values.
 6. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the operating parameter changed during the second plurality of molding cycles is different than the operating parameter changed during the first plurality of molding cycles.
 7. In an injection molding apparatus utilizing a machine, said machine having a pair of mold elements separable along a part-line and forming a mold cavity therebetween, said machine comprising means for opening and closing the mold elements, and injection means for injecing a moldable material into said mold cavity at a first pressure and for exerting a second pressure on said moldable material as it cures in said cavity, said apparatus including a device for generating an acceptable part and process window for the machine, said device comprising means for operating the machine by closing said mold elements, means for measuring the separation of said mold elements during the closing of the mold elements, means for sensing a predetermined separation of said mold elements during the closing of the mold and for initiating a first timing cycle of a predetermined length in response thereto, means for sensing the termination of relative closing movement between said mold elements and for determining whether or not said termination occurs during said first timing cycle, said injection means arranged to inject a moldable material into said mold cavity at said first pressure if said termination occurs during said timing cycle, means for generating a first signal to indicate that said mold elements have not closed during said first cycle if said termination does not occur within said timing cycle, means for initiating a predetermined time window starting a predetermined time after the start of the injection of moldable material into said mold cavity, said measuring means arranged to measure the separation of the mold elements during the injection of the moldable material into the mold cavity, means for incrementally changing a first operating parameter over a first plurality of molding cycles until unacceptable parts are produced to generate minimum part-line and time values and for incrementally changing a first or another operating parameter over a second plurality of molding cycles until unacceptable parts are produced to generate maximum part-line and time values, means for generating an acceptable part and process window utilizing said minimum and maximum part-line and time values, means for detecting a predetermined separation of said mold elements, means for changing the injection pressure from said first pressure to said second pressure upon detecting said predetermined separation, said measuring means arranged to measure the separation of the mold elements following changing the pressure, means for sensing when the separation of the mold elements stops increasing, means for determining whether the cessation of mold element separation increase occurs within said time window, means for continuing the cycle and maintaining said second pressure until the moldable material has cured if said cessation occurs within said window, and means for generating a second signal to indicate that the cycle has exceeded said window if said cessation does not occur within said window.
 8. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the operating parameters are selected from the group comprising: injection rate, mold clamp pressure, injection pressure, injection barrel temperature, and moldable material compositon.
 9. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the same operating parameter is incrementally changed during the second plurality of molding cycles as is changed during the first plurality of molding cycles.
 10. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said incremental parameter changing means comprises a first means for generating said minimum values and a second means for generating said maximum values.
 11. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein only the same operating parameter is incrementally changed.
 12. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein means is provided for generating a reference signal representing the closest proximity of the mold elements upon sensing the termination of relative closing movement between said mold elements.
 13. The apparatus according to claim 12 wherein said reference signal is utilized as a comparison for further separation measurements during that molding cycle.
 14. The apparatus according to claim 7 including means for interrupting the molding cycle and opening said mold elements upon the generation of said first signal.
 15. The apparatus according to claim 7 including means for interrupting the molding cycle and opening said mold elements upon the generation of said second signal.
 16. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein said incremental parameter changing means comprises a first means for generating said minimum values and a second means for generating said maximum values.
 17. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the operating parameter changed during the second plurality of molding cycles is different than the operating parameter changed during the first plurality of molding cycles. 